{"id":12364,"date":"2013-07-05T04:39:18","date_gmt":"2013-07-05T04:39:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.freedomfrommedom.com\/wp3\/?page_id=12364"},"modified":"2014-10-08T18:19:01","modified_gmt":"2014-10-08T18:19:01","slug":"seasonal-affective-disorder","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.freedomfrommedom.com\/wp3\/seasonal-affective-disorder","title":{"rendered":"Seasonal Affective Disorder"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Some people suffer from symptoms of depression during the winter months, with symptoms subsiding during the spring and summer months.\u00a0 These symptoms may be a sign of seasonal affective disorder (SAD).\u00a0 SAD is a mood disorder associated with depression and related to seasonal variations of light.\u00a0 SAD affects half a million people every winter between September and April, peaking in December, January, and February.\u00a0 The \u201cWinter Blues,\u201d a milder form of SAD, may affect even more people.<\/p>\n<h3>\u00a0<strong>Prevalence<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div>Three out of four SAD sufferers are women.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>The main age of onset of SAD is between 18 and 30 years of age.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>SAD occurs in both the northern and southern hemispheres, but is extremely rare in those living within 30 degrees latitude of the equator.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>The severity of SAD depends both on a person\u2019s vulnerability to the disorder and his or her geographical location.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Symptoms<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>A diagnosis of SAD can be made after three consecutive winters of the following symptoms if they are also followed by complete remission of symptoms in the spring and summer months:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div><em>Depression:\u00a0<\/em>misery, guilt, loss of self-esteem, hopelessness, despair, and apathy<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><em>Anxiety:\u00a0<\/em>tension and inability to tolerate stress<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><em>Mood<\/em>\u00a0<em>changes:\u00a0<\/em>extremes of mood and, in some, periods of mania in spring and summer<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><em>Sleep problems:\u00a0<\/em>desire to oversleep and difficulty staying awake or, sometimes, disturbed sleep and early morning waking<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><em>Lethargy:\u00a0<\/em>feeling of fatigue and inability to carry out normal routine<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><em>Overeating:\u00a0<\/em>craving for starchy and sweet foods resulting in weight gain<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><em>Social<\/em>\u00a0<em>problems:\u00a0<\/em>irritability and desire to avoid social contact<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div><em>Sexual<\/em>\u00a0<em>problems:\u00a0<\/em>loss of libido and decreased interest in physical contact<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Causes<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div>As sunlight has affected the seasonal activities of animals (i.e., reproductive cycles and hibernation), SAD may be an effect of this seasonal light variation in humans.\u00a0 As seasons change, there is a shift in our \u201cbiological internal clocks\u201d or circadian rhythm, due partly to these changes in sunlight patterns.\u00a0 This can cause our biological clocks to be out of \u201cstep\u201d with our daily schedules.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>Melatonin, a sleep-related hormone secreted by the pineal gland in the brain, has been linked to SAD.\u00a0 This hormone, which may cause symptoms of depression, is produced at increased levels in the dark.\u00a0 Therefore, when the days are shorter and darker the production of this hormone increases.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Treatments for Seasonal Affective Disorder<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div>Phototherapy or bright light therapy has been shown to suppress the brain\u2019s secretion of melatonin. Although, there have been no research findings to definitely link this therapy with an antidepressant effect, light therapy has been shown to be effective in up to 85 percent of diagnosed cases. Patients remain in light up to ten times the intensity of normal domestic lighting up to four hours a day, but may carry on normal activities such as eating or reading while undergoing treatment.\u00a0 The device most often used today is a bank of white fluorescent lights on a metal reflector and shield with a plastic screen.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>For mild symptoms, spending time outdoors during the day or arranging homes and workplaces to receive more sunlight may be helpful. One study found that an hour\u2019s walk in winter sunlight was as effective as two and a half hours under bright artificial light.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>If phototherapy does not work, an antidepressant drug may prove effective in reducing or eliminating SAD symptoms, but there may be unwanted side effects to consider.\u00a0 Discuss your symptoms thoroughly with your family doctor and\/or mental health professional.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><\/h3>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Some people suffer from symptoms of depression during the winter months, with symptoms subsiding during the spring and summer months.\u00a0 These symptoms may be a sign of seasonal affective disorder (SAD).\u00a0 SAD is a mood disorder associated with depression and &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.freedomfrommedom.com\/wp3\/seasonal-affective-disorder\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12364","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.freedomfrommedom.com\/wp3\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12364","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.freedomfrommedom.com\/wp3\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.freedomfrommedom.com\/wp3\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.freedomfrommedom.com\/wp3\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.freedomfrommedom.com\/wp3\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12364"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.freedomfrommedom.com\/wp3\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12364\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22224,"href":"https:\/\/www.freedomfrommedom.com\/wp3\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12364\/revisions\/22224"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.freedomfrommedom.com\/wp3\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12364"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}